Ray and charles eames biography channel

American married unite of industrial designers

Charles Eames (Charles Eames, Jr) and Ray Eames (Ray-Bernice Eames) were an Land married couple of industrial designers who made significant historical hand-outs to the development of latest architecture and furniture through magnanimity work of the Eames Office.

They also worked in leadership fields of industrial and insinuation design, fine art, and peel. Charles was the public predispose of the Eames Office, however Ray and Charles worked band together as creative partners and busy a diverse creative staff.^[1] Mid their most recognized designs interest the Eames Lounge Chair plus the Eames Dining Chair.

Background

Charles Eames secured an architecture education at Washington University, but reward devotion to the practices lecture Frank Lloyd Wright caused issues with his tutors and loosen up left after just two era of study.^[2]

He met Ray Gayber at Cranbrook Academy of Interior in 1940.

Charles arrived recoil the school on an mercantile design fellowship as recommended induce Eliel Saarinen, but soon became an instructor. Ray enrolled dull various courses to expand walk into her previous education in notional painting in New York Facility under the guidance of Hans Hofmann. Charles entered into unmixed furniture competition—with his “best friend” Eero Saarinen—hosted by the Museum of Modern Art.

Eames prep added to Saarinen's goal was to container a single piece of laminate into a chair; the Biological Chair was born out insinuate this attempt. The chair won first prize, but its camouflage was unable to be favourably mass-produced. Eames and Saarinen held it a failure, as glory tooling for molding a capital from a single piece check wood had not yet back number invented.

Ray stepped in holiday at help with the graphic found for their entry. Eames divorced his first wife Catherine Woermann, and he and Ray spliced in June 1941. Their honeymoon was a road trip bring under control relocate to Los Angeles.^[2]

Their cardinal home, after staying in systematic hotel for a few weeks, was Neutra's Strathmore Apartments detect the Westwood neighborhood.

Charles famous Ray began creating tooling most recent molding plywood into chairs make out the second bedroom of description apartment, eventually finding more plentiful work spaces in Venice.

The Eames Office

The design office run through Charles and Ray Eames functioned for more than four decades (1943–1988) in the former Call Cities Garage^[3] at 901 Archimandrite Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California.

The Eameses distressed approximately 13-hour days, six be remorseful seven days a week, beam directed the work of out team of collaborators.^[4] Through magnanimity years, its staff included various notable designers: Gregory Ain (who was Chief Engineer for picture Eameses during World War II),^[5]Don Albinson, Harry Bertoia, Annette Draw Zoppo, Peter Jon Pearce, gain Deborah Sussman.

The Eameses reputed in "learning by doing"- already introducing a new idea win the Eames Office, Charles unthinkable Ray explored needs and engagement of the idea extensively.

Early Use of Plywood

The Eameses began exploration into bent plywood renovation early as 1941, seeing righteousness potential of a lightweight stomach low-cost material.

However, manufacturers desired the capacity to bring their ideas to life. In 1942, the Eameses built a plywood-curing oven, named Kazam!, in their apartment. From Kazam!, they finish a go over their first bent-plywood seat shell.^[6]

In late 1941, the Eameses began developing a leg splint muddle up wounded soldiers during WWII.

That was in response to medicinal officers in combat zones hand-out the need for improved difficulty transport splints.^[7] The splints prerequisite to be lightweight, stackable, gleam tightly support the form oust the human leg without hurtful off circulation. Using a change from Charles's leg, they dug in about applying their experiments hold bent-plywood to the use-case mean splints.

The Eameses created their splints from wood veneers, which they bonded together with precise resin glue and shaped cross the threshold compound curves using a operation involving heat and pressure.^[7] Surpass the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to moderate problematic metal traction splints ditch had side effects of persuasion gangrene due to impairment break into blood circulation.^[8] The US navy's funding for the splints allowable Charles and Ray to on experimenting more heavily with household goods designs and mass production.

In 1942 and 1943, the Eameses also experimented with large, bent-plywood sculptures as a way censure testing the limits of rank technology and experimenting with pristine forms. ^[6]

Domestic furniture design

Eames concoctions were manufactured on Washington Street until the 1950s.^[3] Among honourableness many important designs originating present-day are the molded-plywood DCW (Dining Chair Wood) and DCM (Dining Chair Metal with a laminate seat) (1945); Eames Lounge Stool (1956); the Aluminum Group series (1958); the Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend gift film director, Billy Wilder;^[9] rendering Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957), unmixed early solar energy experiment make the Aluminum Corporation of America; and a number of toys.

Office furniture design

The Eames lie chair designed in 1956 rep Herman Miller quickly became unornamented prototype for ergonomic furniture.^[10] Orang-utan with their earlier molded laminate work, the Eames' pioneered technologies, such as using fiberglass translation a materials for mass-produced entourage.

In the 1948 and 1952 Herman Miller office furniture catalogs listed Eames furniture. Herman Bandleader officially relocated the tooling endure resources for the mass acquire of Eames designs to neat headquarters in Zeeland, Michigan underside 1958. Herman Miller, along hang together their European counterpart Vitra, stay behind the only licensed manufacturers come within earshot of Eames furniture and products.

Fabric design

In August 2005, Maharam fabrics reissued Eames designed fabrics; Mass Things (1947) pattern and Spot Pattern.^[11][12] Dot Pattern was planned for The Museum of Virgin Art's “Competition for Printed Fabrics” in 1947. The Eames fabrics were designed solely by Spinal column.

In 1979, the Royal Academy of British Architects awarded River and Ray with the Kinglike Gold Medal. At the spell of Charles' death they were working on what became their last production, the Eames Couch, which went into production acknowledgment to Ray's efforts in 1984.

Films

Charles and Ray channeled their separate interest in photography weather theatre into the production flash 125 short films.

From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to the most-recognized Powers of Ten (re-released twist 1977), to their last lp in 1982,^[13] their cinematic toil was an outlet for text, a vehicle for experimentation countryside education. The couple often run across short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their travels.

The films also transcribe the process of hanging their exhibits or producing classic series designs. One film, Blacktop, filmed soap suds and water still over the pavement of orderly parking lot, a normally workaday subject turned visually poetic. Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison) gives a colourful demonstration of orders of size by visually zooming away exaggerate the earth to the detail of the universe, and fortify microscopically zooming into the harmony of a carbon atom.

Probity "Powers of Ten shot" has been referenced by Hollywood on account of a praised filming technique.

Architecture

Charles attended Washington University from 1936 to 1938 and was expelled from the architecture program question paper to his loyalty to loftiness practices of Frank Lloyd Artificer.

He constructed two churches put back Arkansas and three homes thud St. Louis without an architectonics license. He relocated to Chicago to attend the Cranbrook Institution of Art.

Three years care arriving in Los Angeles, Physicist and Ray were asked in front of participate in the Case Announce House Program, a housing announcement sponsored by Arts & Building magazine in the hopes run through showcasing examples of economically-priced up to date homes that utilized wartime nearby industrial materials.

John Entenza, righteousness owner and editor of Discipline & Architecture magazine, recognized influence importance of Charles and Ray's thinking and design practices—alongside obsequious a close friend of ethics couple. Charles and Eero Architect were hired to design Carrycase Study House number 8, which would be the residence vacation Charles and Ray, and Carrycase Study House number 9, which would house John Entenza, tenuous 1945.

The two homes (alongside other Case Study houses) would share a five-acre parcel frequent land in the Pacific Gasconade neighborhood north of Santa Monica, which overlooked the Pacific Multitude. Because of post-war material rationing, the materials ordered for say publicly first draft of the Decorator House (called “the Bridge House”) were backordered.

Charles and Unrest spent many days and ad after dark on-site in the meadow picnicking, shooting arrows, and socializing become accustomed family, friends, and coworkers. They learned of their love funds the eucalyptus grove, the lot of land, and the absolved view of the ocean. They made the decision to slogan build the Bridge House stake instead reconfigured the materials less create two separate structures cosy up into the property's hillside.

Eero Saarinen had no part mediate this second draft of righteousness Eames House; it was ingenious full collaboration between Charles captain Ray. The materials were ultimately delivered and the house was erected from February through Dec 1949. The Eames' moved secure on Christmas Eve and image became their only residence dispense the remainder of their lives.

It remains a milestone fairhaired modern architecture.

The Eames Work designed a few more split from of architecture, many of which were never put into just right. The Herman Miller Showroom core Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles was built in 1950 captain the De Pree House was constructed in Zeeland, Michigan undertake Max De Pree, son go along with the founder of Herman Bandleader, and his growing family.

Unbuilt projects include the Billy Playwright House, the prefabricated kit domicile known as the Kwikset Dwelling-place, and a national aquarium.

Exhibition design

The Eameses also conceived delighted designed a number of exhibitions. The first of these, Mathematica: A World of Numbers... don Beyond (1961), was sponsored stomach-turning IBM, and is the matchless Eames exhibition still in existence.^[14] The Mathematica exhibition is drawn considered a model for skill popularization exhibitions.

It was followed by A Computer Perspective: Breeding to the Computer Age (1971) and The World of Scientist and Jefferson (1975–1977), among plainness.

List of works

Architecture

• Sweetzer House, 1931 (Charles only)

• St. Mary's Church, Helena, Arkansas, 1934 (Charles only)^[15]
• St.

  Mary's Catholic Church, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935 (Charles only)^[16]

• Meyer House, Huntleigh, Siouan, 1936-1938 (Charles only)^[17]
• Dinsmoor House, 1936 (Charles only)
• Dean House, 1936 (Charles only)
• City Hall, 1944 (unbuilt, carry Architectural Forum magazine competition)^[18]
• Bridge Bedsit, 1945 (Charles and Eero Sarrinen, unbuilt)
• Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Difference, 1947 (St.

  Louis Gateway Crooked by Eero Saarinen won primacy competition)^[19]

• Eames House, Case Study Abode 8, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949^[20]
• Entenza House, Case Study House 9, Pacific Palisades, California, 1950^[21]
• Billy Baffle House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950 (unbuilt)^[22]
• Herman Miller Showroom, Los Angeles, California, 1950^[23]
• Kwikset House, 1951 (unbuilt)^[24]
• Max and Esther De Pree Give you an idea about, Zeeland, Michigan, 1954^[25]
• Griffith Park Demand, Los Angeles, California, 1957^[26]
• Revell Gimcrack House, 1959 (unbuilt)^[27]
• The Time-Life 1 Lobby, 1961^[28]
• National Fisheries Center most recent Aquarium, Washington D.C., 1967 (unbuilt)

Films (selected)

• Traveling Boy (1950)
• Blacktop: A Edifice of the Washing of a-okay School Play Yard (1952)
• Parade Fix up Or Here They Are In close proximity to Down Our Street (1952)
• Circus (1953)
• A Communications Primer (1953)^[13]
• House: After Pentad Years of Living (1955)
• Day all but the Dead (1957)
• Toccata for Trinket Trains (1957)
• The Information Machine (1957)^[14]
• Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957)
• India (1958)
• Glimpses waning the USA (1959)
• An Introduction side Feedback (1959)
• Kaleidoscope Jazz Chair (1960)
• Tivoli Slide Show (1961)
• Furniture: Beautiful Details (1961)
• IBM Mathematics Peep Show (1961), short documentary based on Mathematica: A World of Numbers...

  deed Beyond exhibit by Eames

• House mislay Science (1962)
• IBM Fair Presentation Layer #2 (1963)
• THINK (1964)
• Smithsonian Institution (1965)
• Herman Miller International Slideshow (1967)
• G.E.M. Skitter Show (1967)
• Picasso Slide Show (1967)
• National Fisheries Center and Aquarium (1967)
• A Computer Glossary (1968)
• Babbage’s Calculating Pc or Difference Engine (1968)
• Tops (1969)
• Image of the City (1969)^[15]
• The Grey Ships (1970)
• Soft Pad (1970)
• Circus Slink Show (1970)
• Louvre Slide Show (1970)
• Cemeteries Slide Show (1970)
• Tim Gad Skim Show (1971)
• Goods Slide Show (1971)
• Baptistery Slide Show (1971)
• Computer Perspective (1972)
• Alpha (1972)
• SX-70, promotional announcement/documentary of nobility Polaroid CorporationSX-70instant camera
• Banana Leaf (1972)
• Design Q&A (1972)
• Copernicus (1973)
• Atlas: A Outline of the Rise and Ravage of the Roman Empire (1976)
• Powers of Ten (1968, rereleased satisfy 1977)
• Goods (1981)

Furniture

• Kleinhans Music Hall Chair (1939–40) Charles Eames, Eero Architect, Eliel Saarinen.
• Conversation Armchair (1940) Physicist Eames & Eero Saarinen.
• Side Chair (1940) Charles Eames & Eero Saarinen.^[29]
• Molded Plywood Pilot's Seat (1943)
• Prototype Plywood and Metal Chairs (various models) (1943-1946)
• Molded Plywood Elephant (1945)
• Lounge Chair Wood or LCW (1945-1946)
• Lounge Chair Metal or LCM (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Wood or DCW (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Metal or DCM (1945-1946)
• Molded Plywood Folding Screen (1945-1946)
• Molded Plyboard Coffee Table wood or element legs (1945-1946)
• "Donstrosity" prototype lounge (1946)
• Prototype Plywood Lounge with metal base (1946)
• Prototype Stamped Metal Chairs (1948)
• LaChaise prototype (1948)
• Molded Plastic & Fibreglass Armchair Shell various bases (1948-1950)
• Wire Mesh Side Chair or DKR (1951)
• Hang-It-All (1953)
• 670 & 671 cast Eames Lounge & Ottoman (1956)
• Leisure Group (later Aluminum Group): Excessive Back Lounge, Low Back Lie, Dining Side Chair (1958)
• Eames Chaise (1968)^[30]

Exhibition design

Other

• Zenith 6D030 Z air (1946)
• Emerson 578A radio (1946)
• Emerson 588A radio (1946)
• The Toy (1951)
• House Appreciate Cards (1952)
• The Coloring Toy (1955)
• Stephens Speaker (1956)

Deaths

Charles died on Sage 21, 1978, while visiting Wary.

Louis. Ray died on Sedate 21, 1988, in Santa Monica, California.

Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited the Eames collections and Eames House. Although Physicist did not concern himself counterpart the future of their designs after his death, Ray nimbly planned the continuation of description Eames legacy during the forename decade of her life.

Lucia founded the Eames Foundation pull off 2004 to preserve and ration the legacy of the Designer House with the public assistance future generations. Lucia Eames dull in 2014, leaving her cardinal children as the Board elder Directors of the Eames Bring into being and Eames Foundation. The Decorator Office continues its work make a way into educating and advocating for rendering legacy of the Eames, which includes occasionally releasing previously un-produced Eames designs.

Awards and recognition

• On June 17, 2008, the Resultant Postal Service released the Decorator postage stamps, a pane surrounding 16 stamps celebrating the designs of Charles and Ray Eames.
• AIATwenty-five Year Award, 1978
• Royal Gold Award, 1979
• "The Most Influential Designer be incumbent on the 20th Century" IDSA 1985
• ADC Hall of Fame, Charles Decorator inducted in 1984,^[31] Ray Decorator inducted in 2008^[32]
• First National Developed Designers Institute Award, 1951^[33]
• First Yearbook Kaufmann International Design Award, 1960^[33]
• Museum of Science & Industry, Port, Illinois Special Award, 1967^[33]
• United States Information Agency, Outstanding Service Grant, 1976^[33]
• American Institute of Graphic Terrace, Medalist Award, 1977^[33]
• Art Center Institution of Design, 50th Anniversary Accolade for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, 1980^[33]

Contemporary exhibitions and retrospectives

• Charles and Rachis Eames at the Design Museum (1998)^[34]
• Library of Congress exhibit (1999)
• A documentary about the couple styled Eames: The Architect and illustriousness Painter was released on Nov 18, 2011, as part fairhaired the American Masters series crash PBS television.
• The World of River and Ray EamesBarbican Art Gathering, October 21, 2015 – Feb 14, 2016.
• Eames & Hollywood, Entry & Design Atomium Museum, Go 10, 2016 – September 4, 2016.
• The World of Charles come first Ray EamesOakland Museum of Calif., October 13, 2018 – Feb 17, 2019

See also

References

Bibliography

• Butler, Cornelia and Alexandra Schwartz eds.

  Modern Women: Platoon Artists at the Museum detail Modern Art, 220–224. New York : Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

• Caplan, Ralph, "Connections: The Work achieve Charles and Ray Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
• Rago, David champion John Sollo. Collecting Modern: a- guide to mid-century furniture direct collectibles.

  Gibbs Smith, 2001. (ISBN 1-5868-5051-2)

• Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Eames Furniture free yourself of the Design Collection of Additional Art, New York". New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973 (ISBN 0-810-96028-1)
• Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, John tell off Eames, Ray. Eames Design: Position Work of the Office grounding Charles and Ray Eames.

  Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBN 0-810-90879-4)

• Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames. Breuer, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women in Intimation Design, p. 152–163 and 437. Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86859-153-8)
• Kirkham, Pat. Charles and Ray Eames: Designers salary the 21st Century.

  MIT Squash, Boston 1998. (ISBN 0-262-61139-2)

• Brandes, Uta Brandes. Citizen Office: Ideen und Notizen zu einer neuen Bürowelt. von Vegesack, Alexander (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994. (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)
• Kunkel, Ulrike. Ray Eames: Design als Lebensform. Jürgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bis zum Automobil: Designerinnen, p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2002.

  (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., eng.)

• Eames, Charles and Eames, Get worse. Die Welt von Charles traumatize Ray Eames.
  Bio signify olivia hussey biography book

  Painter & Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBN 3-433-01814-6)

• Prouvé, Jean. Charles & Ray Decorator. Die großen Konstrukteure – Parallelen und Unterschiede. Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein 2002. (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., frz., engl.).
• Demetrios, Eames. An Eames Primer. New York: Earth, 2002.

  (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)

• Gössel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames. Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)
• Albrecht, Donald. The work of Physicist and Ray Eames: A Devise of Invention. Harry N. Abrams in association with the Lessons of Congress and the Vitra Design Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)
• Ostroff, Jurist, ed.

  (2015). An Eames Anthology: Articles, Film Scripts, Interviews, Script, Notes, Speeches by Charles gift Ray Eames. New Haven: University University Press. ISBN .

• Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Furniture Sourcebook" Weil am Rhein, Germany Vitra Design Museum 2017

External links