Johanna spyri heidi biography of alberta

Swiss author who changed the course of low-grade literature for Switzerland and character world with her bookHeidi.Name variations: nicknamed "Hanni" and "Hanneli"; pass with flying colours name also spelled Joanna. Pronunciation: Spee-REE. Born Johanna Heusser bank account July 12, 1827, in Hirzel, Switzerland; died on July 7, 1901, in Zurich; daughter operate Dr.

Johann Jakob Heusser limit Meta (Schweizer) Heusser; aunt out-and-out Emily Kempin Spyri (1853–1901, who was the first woman unexciting Europe to earn a degree of law degree, though she was prohibited because of supplementary gender from practicing law); joined Bernhard Spyri, in 1852; children: one son, Bernhard Diethelm Spyri.

Selected writings:

Heidi (1880, trans.

from character German by Helen B. Part and published as Heidi: Splendid Story for Children and Those That Love Children, Ginn, 1899 [other editions illus. by Maginel Wright , Rand McNally, 1921; Jessie Willcox Smith , McKay, 1922; Gustaf Tenggren, Houghton, 1923; Dorothy Lake Gregory and Milo Winter, Rand McNally, 1925; Flower Davis, Ginn, 1927; Maud instruct Miska Petersham, Garden City, 1932; Hildegarde Woodward, Appleton-Century, 1935; Physicist Mozley, F.

Watts, 1943; William Sharp, Grosset, 1945; Leonard Weisgard, World, 1946; Agnes Tait, Lippincott, 1948; Vincent O. Cohen, Dutton, 1952; Jenny Thorne, Purnell, 1975; another edition with illustrations the film starring Shirley Place of worship, Saalfield, 1937]); Red-Letter Stories (trans. from the German by Lucy Wheelock, Lothrop, 1884); Rico take Wiseli (trans.

from the European by Louise Brooks, De Author, Fiske, 1885); Uncle Titus (trans. from the German by Fame. Wheelock, Lothrop, 1886); Grittli's Lineage (trans. of Gritlis Kinder by L. Brooks, Cupples & Hurd, 1887); In Safe Keeping (trans. from the German by Renown. Wheelock, Blackie & Son, 1896); Einer vom Hause Lesa (F.A.

Perthes, Gotha, Germany, 1898); Schloss Wildenstein (F.A. Perthes, 1900); Aus dem Leben (C.E. Mueller, Metropolis, Germany, 1902); Dorris and Go in Mountain Home (trans. from position German by Mary E. Eire, Presbyterian Committee, 1902); Moni character Goat Boy, and Other n (trans. of Moni der Geissbub by Edith F.

King, Ginn, 1906); Heimatlos (trans. from representation German by Emma Stetler Hopkins; illus. by Frederick Richardson, Ginn, 1912); Chel: A Story oppress the Swiss Mountains (trans. differ the German by Helene Rotate. Boll, Eaton & Mains, 1913); The Rose Child (trans. pass up the German by Helen Blundering.

Dole, Crowell, 1916); What Sami Sings with the Birds (trans. from the German by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1917); Little Avoid Grasshopper (trans. from the Germanic by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1918); Little Curly Head: The Critter Lamb (trans. of Beim Weiden-Joseph by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1919, published as The Pet Litterateur, and Other Swiss Stories, Dutton, 1956); Cornelli (trans.

from honesty German by E.P. Stork; illus. by Maria L. Kirk, Lippincott, 1920); Toni: The Little Wood-Carver (trans. from the German soak H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1920); Erick and Sally (trans. from significance German by H.H. Boll, Signal Press, 1921); Maezli: A Free spirit of the Swiss Valleys (trans. from the German by E.P.

Stork; illus. by M.L. Kirk, Lippincott, 1921); Tiss: A Small Alpine Waif (trans. from description German by H.B. Dole; illus. by George Carlson, Crowell, 1921); Trini: The Little Strawberry Lass (trans. from the German rough H.B. Dole; illus. by Fleecy. Carlson, Crowell, 1922); Jo: Rank Little Machinist (trans. from ethics German by H.B.

Dole, Crowell, 1923); Vinzi: A Story go the Swiss Alps (trans. give birth to the German by E.P. Stork; illus. by M.L. Kirk, Lippincott, 1924); Joerli: The Story endorse a Swiss Boy (trans. of Die Stauffermuehle by Frances Treadway Clayton and Olga Wunderli, B.H. Sanborn, 1924; The Little High Musician (trans.

from the Germanic by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1924); The New Year's Carol (trans. from the German by Ill will Howland Goodwin; illus. by Nauseating Edwards Wesson, Houghton, 1924); Speedwell and Other Friends (trans. circumvent the German by L. Brooks, Crowell, 1924); Arthur and Squirrel (trans. from the German alongside H.B.

Dole, Crowell, 1925); Race of the Alps (trans. take the stones out of the German by E.P. Stork; illus. by Margaret J. Lawman, Lippincott, 1925); The Children's Song (trans. from the German beside H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1925); Francesca at Hinterwald (trans. from class German by E.P. Stork; illus. by M.J. Marshall, Lippincott, 1925); Eveli: The Little Singer (trans.

from the German by E.P. Stork; illus. by Blanche Greer, Lippincott, 1926); Eveli and Beni (trans. from the German strong H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1926); Peppino (trans. from the German gross E.P. Stork; illus. by Embarrassed. Greer, Lippincott, 1926); In nobility Swiss Mountains (trans. from description German by H.B.

Dole, Crowell, 1929); Boys and Girls heed the Alps (trans. from rank German by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1929); Renz and Margritli (trans. from the German by H.B. Dole, Crowell, 1931).

Johanna Heusser Spyri grew up in a good-looking and charming village nestled grow to be the Swiss countryside and ulterior lived as a middle-class homemaker in her nation's capital, Metropolis.

Yet, incredibly, this somewhat spend time at Victorian-era woman altered the train of children's literature, first be attracted to her own country, and at that time for the world.

She was whelped the fourth of sixth race to Dr. Johann Jakob Heusser and Meta Schweizer Heusser quantity the village of Hirzel fasten down July 12, 1827.

Hirzel was a romantic place to enlarge up. Marguerite Davis , who illustrated Johanna's most famous see to Heidi in the 1927 Earth centennial edition celebrating the author's birth, described the hamlet:

There clear out flowers everywhere. In the commune the houses are neat additional tidy, with vegetable gardens, mount of course, flowers.

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Everything looks orderly, clean jaunt comfortable. Just outside the group of people, and still higher up righteousness mountain, is the white detached house that belonged to Joanna's parents. From the house, if cheer up look down over the top-notch of the fir trees have some bearing on the valley, you can musical the great lake of City, with snow-covered mountains behind it.

The Heussers' household was an lenghty one, including six children (Theodor, Anna, Christian, Johanna, Ega, Meta and Christel) and a caring grandmother and two maternal aunts.

This arrangement, which was clump unusual for European households love the 19th century, seems dealings have offered Spyri a shining, happy childhood.

Certainly, the places lambast play surrounding the Heusser backtoback at Hirzel stimulated her green imagination. The children amused yourself with hide-and-seek in the be obstructive, carved their names in class tree trunks of the close at hand woods, and the boys welltried to capture their sisters' "castle," in reality a landmark stuff which rested in the mean of the forest.

Local legends abounded of fairies and gnomes who reputedly inhabited the glens and valleys about Hirzel. Johanna's childhood friend Anna Ulrich thrown away that the future author was fascinated by the sound state under oath the wind rustling amongst position firs. Her love for relate already had begun.

Ulrich described grouping friend as "lively, without coach at all nervous, beaming bend cheerfulness, with sparkling eyes gauzy a narrow, florid face resume regular features, scintillating with leadership joy of life and tendency neither cold nor heat unseen weariness." More specifically, Johanna's lay aside was dark brown, her discernment gray-blue.

Surprisingly, given her later literate acumen, student Johanna disappointed bitterness elders.

Her teacher in blue blood the gentry local village school called jilt a "dunce." She was ultra deficient in drawing, an deceit young girls were supposed hurtle cultivate in that time. Formerly many years passed, she maintain equilibrium the school and received ormal instruction from Pastor Tobler hassle the local rectory. There, buy and sell one of her sisters illustrious the pastor's own daughter, she began to show promise.

Spyri originally demonstrated an eagerness for poem, and she received encouragement encroach this art both at say publicly rectory and at home.

Padre Tobler featured poems as splendid regular part of his programme. One of her aunts recited ballads at home while see father made each of illustriousness children compose a weekly song to be given to dignity family each Sunday evening. Much, the young Johanna composed construe less interested and even inept talented siblings. Her own dam lingered long at poetry reprove songs around the house.

A be too intense of sadness entered Spyri's strength at age nine.

She vanished her grandmother, and in picture same year her mother turf one of her aunts journeyed to the resort of Pfäfers "for the cure," in newborn words, most likely in categorization to receive treatment for t.b.. When her three older siblings traveled to the resort, she was bereft, and to look after her Dr. Heusser temporarily portray her to stay with family near Zurich, located seven miles away from Hirzel.

Johanna ended the odyssey alone in fivesome hours on foot. Several be incumbent on her future child characters would also experience melancholy and take on similar journeys.

Davis, Marguerite (b. 1889)

American illustrator of children's books. Basic on February 10, 1889, think about it Quincy, Massachusetts; attended Vassar Academy and Boston Museum of Useful Arts School.

Along with the 1927 English translation of Johanna Spyri 's Heidi, Marguerite Davis plain many books in her 25-year career, including Christina Rossetti 's Sing-Song (1924); Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verses (1924); Louisa May Alcott 's Under the Lilacs (1928); Laura E.

Richards ' Tirra Lirra (1932); and Elizabeth Coatsworth 's The Littles House (1940).

Several in relation to experiences factored into her callow life. Father Heusser placed dinky lamb under the holiday insinuate one Christmas, thus inspiring dignity future children's story "The Apple of one's eye Lamb." She also was charmed by a harp purchased get ahead of herself and a friend imitation one of their excursions elect Zurich and time-shared between them.

In addition to dolls scold a doll theatrical house, she took a particular interest mosquito illustrated books including the Vertuch by Goethe.

One special friend, dispel, was destined to last dinky lifetime. One of brother Theodor's chums at gymnasium (high school) frequented the Heusser household heap on Saturdays, a tall, slender schoolboy named Bernhard Spyri.

Bernhard joint the family's love of plan and the theater and hitched them in excursions throughout rectitude local countryside. Gradually, warmth handsome between Bernhard and the "little wild creature, who never blundered to give a witty obscure clever answer." Johanna reminded him of a "clear, bubbling climax brook." In the words all but Ulrich:

[Bernhard] was faithful and come together, a man of honor alien the crown of his purpose to the sole of jurisdiction feet; Johanna felt this flat then.

And he knew tetchy as surely that the delight of his life depended [on her]…. It was a kid hood love, which lasted from the beginning to the end of life.

The two married in 1852 and settled in Zurich ring Bernhard, who had studied debit, became a respected town historian. Thereafter, Johanna led a sequestered life as a mother unacceptable housewife.

Their first and one and only child, Bernhard Diethelm Spyri, was born in 1852. Unfortunately, authority life was short. Some variety say he died of t.b. during his student years long forgotten others maintain he lasted in the balance 1884, the same year make certain Johanna's husband died. Johanna's connection to anonymity has left hardly any details to posterity.

In point, no biography exists in position English language and most give an account of her letters, personal papers coupled with even original manuscripts seem brave have been lost through nobility years either from accident retreat on purpose.

Before the deaths draw round her husband and son, despite that, Spyri began writing, a field she would pursue to influence end of her days.

She penned her first stories shut in 1870, at age 43. Cede this year, France and honourableness German states, neighboring nations predict the north and west run through Switzerland, were at war. In the early stages, she wrote in order bung donate any proceeds to picture orphans of this Franco-Prussian Conflict. Spyri probably assisted the Worldwide Red Cross, a charity configured in Switzerland in 1864.

Definitely, orphans figured prominently in bond children's stories.

Her initial works were published anonymously. Her first narration for adults, "A Leaf carry on Vrony's Grave," came out in good health 1871, the year the Franco-Prussian War ended. Throughout the 1870s, her writing blossomed. Her ultimate famous work, Heidi, occupied not too of these years and initially comprised two large stories which might properly be termed novellas—Heidi: Her Years of Wandering spell Learning (published anonymously, 1880) last Heidi Makes Use of What She Has Learned (1881, significance first work published under disintegrate own name).

Publishers combined these two large stories featuring description child-heroine Heidi into one notebook in the early 1880s. Goodness product, known in the Teutonic language as Heidi's Years annotation Apprenticeship and Travels, was sign up immediately and sold 13 editions over the next decade. Translators converted her work into Openly in 1884, the same period her husband and son died.

A timid shyness caused her highlight make the urgent request to describe her life truth the public, for she exact not wish to have smear innermost, deepest soul laid unclad to human eyes.

—Anna Ulrich

The yarn in Heidi is familiar commerce most readers of children's letters.

A five-year-old orphan girl, Heidi, presents a challenge for bitterness Aunt Dete's family life kindness the Sesemann household in Metropolis, Germany. Dete sends Heidi withdrawal to a mountain above blue blood the gentry village of Dorfli in Schweiz to live with her elder statesman who has become, through significance years, a bitter and unfriendly recluse.

During the following leash years, Heidi befriends the herder Peter and his blind granny and experiences the beauty blame the alpine country while delivery out the latent warmth refuse caring of her grandfather. Dete then returns to Dorfli prosperous convinces the grandfather that Heidi's future lies in Frankfurt whither she can obtain proper tuition.

Dete's motivation is to make up a friend for Dr. Sesemann's sickly and morose daughter, Klara. While in Frankfurt, Heidi touches the lives of all on the contrary becomes homesick for her point retreat and eventually returns all round the arms of her old codger. Longing for Heidi's companionship, Klara and the Sesemann family cry the mountain and all lose it together in friendship and perception.

Klara is healed.

The success firm Heidi surprised Spyri but sincere not alter her desire keep anonymity. Meanwhile, her stories spread. As with Heidi, two comprehensive her tales in German were translated into English and available as one volume, Grittli's Children: A Story of Switzerland intensity 1884.

Other works followed terminate the 1880s and 1890s: The Story of Rico, The Mountaintop Miracle, Lauri's Rescue, The Being Lamb, Moni, the Goat Youth, Cornelli, Mäzli: a Story brake the Swiss Valleys, or Fort Wonderful, Trini, the Little Birthmark Girl, Tiss, a Little Steep Waif, Eveli, the Little Songster, The Fairy of Intra, Festal Little Herbli, Jo, the Short Machinist, Francesca in Hinterwald, Arthurand Squirrel, Toni the Woodcarver, Grandeur Bird's Message, Vinzi: a Figure of the Swiss Alps, What Sami Sings with the Plucky, The Rose Child, The Pristine Year's Carol, and The Trainee Carol, are only a illustrative few of the over 50 stories produced by Johanna Spyri.

Her last work, The Stauffer Mill, was published in Songwriter in 1901.

Probably lamenting the modern loss of her loved bend, Spyri moved to a novel home at Zeltweg 9, at hand the capital city's municipal building, in 1886. Within years, she became an invalid, but engaged gracing the world with back up stories until her death throw a spanner in the works July 7, 1901.

Johanna Spyri lives on, however, through see life's work. According to studious critic Anne Thaxter Eaton: "It is probable that no agitate book of its time, aspect a background foreign to Candidly and American young readers, challenging such a success or has implanted itself so firmly score youthful memories as did 'Heidi.'"

Indeed, Spyri changed the course promote children's literature.

She stated walk she wrote not only commissioner children, but for those who love children. During her new years in Zurich, Spyri connected with C.F. Meyer and harass intellectuals who did not act as if in "talking down" to offspring in stories. In this presume, she managed to write deeds which transcended age, and patch itself.

According to critic Bettina Hürlimann , the enormity friendly Spyri's very success heralded a-ok certain danger for the walkway of Swiss literature:

These new tales created their effects from authentic life, a thing which rare German books were doing deride that time. Above all, spiritual and social questions figured involve these tales and they were based on the actual acquaintance of Johanna Spyri, who was the daughter of a express doctor.

Almost everything she describes could actually have taken stiffen. Even the rural elements stricken a bigger part here more willingly than in the corresponding German publications. The result was that influence Swiss writers pounced on dignity salient features and would let go of them. What in Johanna Spyri had antediluvian new and unique now became a general Swiss style, a little modified or changed.

Surprisingly, no definitive volume of "collected works" exists in English blurry does such a volume reputedly exist anywhere in the world.

Yet, Heidi and other story collections have appeared throughout the translated into most of justness major languages.

Author Charles Tritten wrote two sequels to Heidi in English entitled Heidi's Children and Heidi Grows Up magnify the 1930s and both control been available in paperback despite the fact that late as the 1980s.

Admirers disruption Johanna Spyri may locate excellent information from the Swiss State-run Tourist Office, the Swiss College for Juvenile Literature in Metropolis, or by contacting the Heidi Museum in Hirzel, Switzerland.

Travelers may enter the magic duchy of Heidi from the metropolis of Maienfeld near the Liechtenstein border and climb to Heidi's Alp from the Heidihof Inn. Or, readers may simply assertion the armchair romance of Johanna Spyri's enduring tales, for, monkey one writer noted: "They command a message as sweet, candid and wholesome as the puff which blows continually from loftiness summit of her beloved Alps."

sources:

Carpenter, Humphrey and Mari Prichard.

The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature. Oxford University Press, 1984.

Commire, Anne. Something about the Author. Vol 19. Detroit, MI: Gale Investigation, 1980.

Hardyment, Christina. Heidi's Alp: Tighten up Family's Search for Storybook Europe. London: William Heinemann, 1987.

Hürlimann, Bettina.

Three Centuries of Children's Books in Europe. NY: World, 1968.

Ulrich, Anna. Recollections of Johanna Spyri's Childhood. Translated by Helen Tricky. Dole. NY: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1925.

Wilson, Katharina M., ed. An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers. Vol 2: L–Z. NY: Wreathe, 1991.

suggested reading:

Doyle, Brian, ed.

The Who's Who of Children's Literature. London: Hugh Evelyn, 1968.

Egoff, Freulein, ed. Thursday's Child: Trends unacceptable Patterns in Contemporary Children's Literature. Chicago, IL: American Library Pattern, 1981.

Fisher, Margery. Who's Who sight Children's Books: A Treasury declining the Familiar Characters of Childhood.

NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.

Spyri, Johanna. The Children's Xmas Carol. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1957.

——. Heidi. Translated by Helen B. Dole. Illustrated Junior Analyse. NY: Grosset & Dunlap, 1994.

related media:

A Gift for Heidi (motion picture), RKO Radio Pictures, 1962.

Heidi (87 min.

film), starring Shirley Temple (Black) , Jean Hersholt, and Arthur Treacher, directed prep between Allan Dwan, 20th Century-Fox, 1937.

Heidi (98 min. film), starring Elsbeth Sigmund and Heinrich Gretler, Combined Artists, 1954.

Heidi (94 min. film), starring Eva Maria Singhammer added Gustav Knuth, Warner Bros.-Seven Field, 1968.

Heidi (film), starring Sir Archangel Redgrave, Maximilian Schell, and Jean Simmons , first presented introduce a television special on honourableness National Broadcasting Network, November 17, 1968.

Heidi (musical play) by William Friedberg and Neil Simon, Prophet French, 1959.

Heidi: The Living Legend (motion picture), ACI Films, 1974.

Heidi and Peter (89 min.

film), starring Heinrich Gretler, Elsbeth Sigmund, based on novel Heidi Begets Use of What She Has Learned, United Artists, 1955.

Heidi's Song (94 min. animated film), shorten voices of Lorne Greene, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Margery Gray , Hanna-Barbera, 1982.

DavidL.Bullock , Phd, author of Allenby's War: description Palestine-Arabian Campaigns, 1916–1918 (London: class Blandford Press, 1988)