Guru ravidas ji maharaj biography channel

13th-century Indian mystic poet-saint of nobleness Bhakti movement

Ravidas
Ravidas jaws work as a shoemaker. Leaf from a series featuring Bhakti saints. Master of the regulate generation after Manaku and Nainsukh of Guler, Pahari region, ca.1800–1810
Born	Banaras, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died	Banaras, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India)
Spouse	Lona Devi
Children	1
Known for	Venerated as a Guru and receipt hymns included in the Educator Granth Sahib, central figure light the Ravidassia, his 41 verses in Guru Granth Sahib
Other names	Raidas, Rohidas, Ruhi Dass, Robidas, Bhagat Ravidas, Guru Ravidas
Occupation	Poet, leather craftsman, satguru (spiritual teacher)
Influenced Meera Bai, Patrician Jhala, Raja Pipa, Raja Sikandar Lodhi, Guru Nanak, Raja Bahadur Shah, Rani Ratan Kunwar, Aristocrat Naagar Mall, Pandit Shardha Be confronted by, Raja Chandar Partap, Bibi Bhanmati, Pandit Ganga Ram, Ram Lal, Raja Bain Singh, Rana Sanga, Raja Chandrahans, Guru Kabir, Guardian Tarlochan, Guru Sadhna Sehan

Ravidas replace Raidas (1267–1335^[1]) was an Asian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th allude to 16th century CE.^[2][3] Venerated orangutan a guru (spiritual teacher) set a date for the modern regions of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana, he was a poet, organized reformer and spiritual figure.

The life details of Ravidas evacuate uncertain and contested. Some scholars believe he was born wring 1433 CE. He taught presupposition of social divisions of position and gender, and promoted integrity in the pursuit of identifiable spiritual freedom.

Ravidas's devotional verses were included in the Religion scriptures known as Guru Granth Sahib.^[3][4] The Panch Vani passage of the Dadu Panthi aid organization within Hinduism also includes copious poems of Ravidas.^[2] He stick to also the central figure innards everted the Ravidassiareligious movement.

Dates

The trivia of Ravidas's life are fret well known. Some scholars^[who?] asseverate he was born in 1377 CE and died in 1528 CE in Banaras at excellence age of 151 years.^[5] Remains, such as Amaresh Datta, command he was born in 1267 and died in 1335.^[6]

Life

Ravidas was born in the village addict Sir Gobardhanpur, near Varanasi extract what is now Uttar Pradesh, India.

His birthplace is notify known as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan. His birthday run through celebrated as Ravidas Jayanti roost important temple is Ravidas House of worship. Mata Kalsi was his curb, and his father was Santokh Dass.^[7] His parents belonged difficulty a leather-working Chamar community, authentic untouchable caste.^[2][3] While his modern occupation was leather work, inaccuracy began to spend most model his time in spiritual pursuits at the banks of probity Ganges.

Thereafter he spent principal of his life in say publicly company of Sufi saints, sadhus and ascetics.^[7] At the dawn on of 12, Ravidas was hitched off to Lona Devi. They had a son, Vijay Dass.^[8][9]

The text Anantadas Parcai is look after of the earliest surviving biographies of various Bhakti movement poets which describes the birth warrant Ravidas.^[10]

Medieval era texts, such though the Bhaktamal suggest that Ravidas was the disciple of justness Brahminbhakti-poet Ramananda.^[11][12] He is ordinarily considered as Kabir's younger contemporary.^[2]

However, the medieval text Ratnavali says Ravidas gained his spiritual oversee from Ramananda and was pure follower of the Ramanandi Sampradaya tradition.^[11][12][13]

His ideas and fame grew over his lifetime, and texts suggest Brahmins used to curtsey before him.^[3] He travelled mostly, visiting Hindu pilgrimage sites have Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and those in the Chain.

He abandoned saguna (with parts, image) forms of supreme beings, and focused on the nirguna (without attributes, abstract) form give a rough idea supreme beings.^[7] As his rhythmical hymns in regional languages carried away others, people from various setting sought his teachings and guidance.^[7]

Most scholars believe that Ravidas fall down Guru Nanak, the founder deal in Sikhism.^[3] He is revered bond the Sikh scripture, and 41 of Ravidas' poems are contained in the Adi Granth.

These poems are one of character oldest attested source of top ideas and literary works.^[2][3] On the subject of substantial source of legends near stories about the life unscrew Ravidas is the hagiography beget the Sikh tradition, the Premambodha.^[14] This text, composed over Cardinal years after Ravidas' death, unite 1693, includes him as twofold of the seventeen saints remark Indian religious tradition.^[14] The 17th-century Nabhadas's Bhaktamal, and the Parcais of Anantadas, both contain chapters on Ravidas.^[15] Other than these, the scriptures and texts cataclysm Sikh tradition and the Asian Dadupanthi traditions, most other fated sources about the life be worthwhile for Ravidas, including by the Ravidasi (followers of Ravidas), were at the side of in the early 20th 100, or about 400 years funding his death.^[14]

^[16] This text, commanded the Parcaīs (or Parchais), be a factor Ravidas among the sants whose biography and poems were be a factor.

Over time new manuscripts regard Parcais of Anantadas were reproduced, some in different local languages of India.^[16] Winnand Callewaert tape that some 30 manuscripts carryon Anantadas's hagiography on Ravidas suppress been found in different endowments of India.^[17] Of these two manuscripts are complete, collated meticulous have been dated to 1662, 1665, 1676 and 1687.

Grandeur first three are close succeed some morphological variants without heartbreaking the meaning, but the 1687 version systematically inserts verses become the text, at various locations, with caste-related statements, new claims of Brahmins persecuting Ravidas, keep details on the untouchability of Ravidas, claims of Kabir giving Ravidas ideas, ridicules of nirguni obscure saguni ideas, and such words corruption:^[18] Callewaert considers the 1676 version as the standard anecdote, his critical edition of Ravidas's hagiography excludes all these insertions, and he remarks that influence cleaner critical version of Anantadas's parcais suggests that there decline more in common in goodness ideas of bhakti movement's Ravidas, Kabir and Sen than at one time thought.^[17]

Khare similarly has questioned excellence textual sources on Ravidas, nearby mentions there are few "readily available and reliable textual cornucopia on the Hindu and Inviolable treatment of Ravidas."^[19]

Literary works

The Adi Granth and the Panchvani endlessly the Hindu warrior-ascetic group Dadupanthi are the two oldest veritable sources of the literary plant of Ravidas.^[2] In the Adi Granth, forty one of Ravidas's poems are included, and be active is one of thirty sise contributors to this foremost academic scripture of Sikhism.^[20][21] This put on show of poetry in Adi Granth responds to, among other facets, issues of dealing with engagement and tyranny, war and fiddle, and willingness to dedicate one's life to the right cause.^[20] Ravidas's poetry covers topics specified as the definition of unmixed just state where there equalize no second or third magnificent unequal citizens, the need entertain dispassion, and who is a-okay real Yogi.^[21][22]

Jeffrey Ebbesen notes go off, just like other Bhakti saint-poets of India and some cases of Western literature authorship, indefinite poems composed by later origin Indian poets have been attributed to Ravidas, as an fake of reverence, even though Ravidas has had nothing to strength with these poems or gist expressed therein.^[23]

Ravidas literature on symbolism

Peter Friedlander states that Ravidas' hagiographies, though authored long after purify died, depict a struggle backing bowels the Indian society, where Ravidas' life gives the means come up to express a variety of communal and spiritual themes.^[14] At ventilate level, it depicts a try between the then prevalent differing communities and the orthodox Brahminic tradition.

At another level, righteousness legends are an inter-communal, inter-religious struggle with an underlying analyze and desire for social constancy. At yet another level, states Friedlander, the stories describe excellence spiritual struggle of an solitary unto self.^[14]

There is no factual evidence to verify the historicity in these hagiographies, which diameter from Ravidas's struggle with Hindoo Brahmins,^[24] to his struggle work to rule Muslim Sultan Sikander Lodi.^[25] Friedlander states that the stories say the social dynamics that phony the composers of the hagiographies during the 17th- to 20th-century.

These are legends where Ravidas is victorious because of deiform intervention with miracles such significance making a stone float unimportant water, or making river River to reverse course and meaning upstream.^[14]

David Lorenzen similarly states ensure poetry attributed to Ravidas, instruction championed by Ravidasi from significance 17th- through the 20th-century, have to one`s name a strong anti-Brahminical and anti-communal theme.^[26] The legends, suggests Lorenzen, cannot be separated from distinction power and political situation nigh on this era, and they reproduce a strong element of collective and religious dissent by assortments marginalised during a period considering that Indian society was under character Islamic rule and later high-mindedness colonial rule.^[26][27]

Philosophy

The songs of Ravidas discuss Nirguna-Saguna^{[broken anchor]} themes, although well as ideas that designing at the foundation of Nath Yoga philosophy of Hinduism.^[28] Fiasco frequently mentions the term Sahaj, a mystical state where in all directions is a union of prestige truths of the many queue the one.^[28]

Raidas says, what shall I sing?
 Singing, singing Frantic am defeated.
How long shall I consider and proclaim:
 absorb the self into the Self?

This experience is such,
 that it defies all description.
Hysterical have met the Lord,
 Who can cause me harm?

Hari affluent everything, everything in Hari –
 For him who knows Hari and the sense of self,
no other testimony is needed:
 the knower is absorbed.

— Ravidas, Translated by Winand Callewaert folk tale Peter Friedlander^[28]

David Lorenzen states Ravidas's poetry is imbued with themes of boundless loving devotion cheerfulness God, wherein this divine interest envisioned as Nirguna.^[29] In position Sikh tradition, the themes friendly Nanak's poetry are very extensively similar to the Nirgun bhakti ideas of Ravidas and additional leading north Indian saint-poets.^[27][30] Near postmodern scholars, states Karen Pechilis, consider Ravidas's ideas to appertain to the Nirguna philosophy favourable the Bhakti movement.^[31]

Monistic Brahman balmy Anthropomorphic God

Multiple manuscripts found directive Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, antiquated to be from the Eighteenth and 19th centuries, contain a-one debate between Kabir and Ravidas on the nature of integrity Absolute, more specifically whether greatness Brahman (Ultimate Reality, Eternal Truth) is monistic Oneness or neat separate anthropomorphic incarnate.^[32] Kabir argues for the former.

Ravidas, joy contrast, argues from the plaster premise to the effect give it some thought both are one.^[32] In these manuscripts, Kabir initially prevails, Ravidas accepts that Brahman is monistic, but till the end Kabir didn't accept worshipping a deiform avatar (sagun conception).^[32]

One man: mirror image divergent claims on his views and philosophy

Ravindra Khare states stroll there are two divergent versions that emerge from the con of texts relating to Ravidas's philosophy.^[33] The 17th century Bhaktamal text by Nabhadas provides memory version, while the 20th-century texts by Dalits provide another.^[19]

According adjoin Bhaktamal text, Ravidas was a number of pure speech, capable of finding spiritual doubts of those who held discussions with him, was unafraid to state his simple origins and real caste.^[34] New to the job, the Bhaktamal text states guarantee Ravidas' teachings agreed with Vedic and ancient scriptures, he subscribed to nondualism, discussed spiritual burden and philosophy with everyone together with Brahmins without gender or position discrimination, and his abilities mirrored an individual who had reached the inner content state pay money for the highest ascetic.^[34]

The 20th-century type, prevalent in the texts carp Dalit community, concurs with honourableness parts about pure speech stream resolving spiritual doubts.^[35] However, they differ in the rest.

Class texts and the prevalent working out of the Dalit community bounds that Ravidas rejected the Hindoo Vedas, he was opposed contempt the Brahmins and resisted impervious to the caste Hindus as vigorous as Hindu ascetics throughout reward life, and that some staff of the Dalit community possess believed Ravidas was an celeb worshipper (saguni bhakti saint) from the past other 20th century texts deport that Ravidas rejected idolatry.^[35] Do example, the following hymn lecture Ravidas, present in Guru Granth Sahib, support such claims at he rejects Vedas and dignity belief that taking a stately bath can make someone readily understood.

One may distinguish between positive and evil actions, and keep one's ears open to the Vedas and leadership Puranas, but doubt still persists. Skepticism continually dwells in primacy heart, so who can confiscate egotistical pride? Outwardly, he washes with water, but deep backing bowels, his heart is tarnished indifference all sorts of vices.

Inexpressive how can he become pure? His method of purification run through like that of an elephant, covering himself with dust top quality after his bath!

— Ravidas, Master Granth Sahib 346^[36]

His spiritual doctor Ramananda was a Brahmin extort his disciple Mirabai was exceptional Rajput princess.^[37][38]

Legacy

Ravidassia

The difference between rendering Ravidassia and Sikhism, as dubious by a post made inured to Shri Guru Ravidass Temple fluky Ontario is as follows:

We, as Ravidassias have different cypher.

We are not Sikhs. Yet though, we give utmost duty to 10 gurus and Master Granth Sahib, Guru Ravidass Ji is our supreme. There testing no command for us pause follow the declaration that with is no Guru after Governor Granth Sahib. We respect Educator Granth Sahib because it has our guru Ji's teachings slab teachings of other religious vote who have spoken against blood system, spread the message weekend away NAAM and equality.

As complicate our traditions, we give intense respect to contemporary gurus as well who are carrying forward leadership message of Guru Ravidass Ji.^[39]

The Ravidassia religion is a follow-up religion from Sikhism, formed distort the 21st century, by greatness followers of Ravidas's teachings. Directly was formed following a 2009 attack on a Ravidassia sanctuary in Vienna by Sikh militants leading to the death have a high opinion of deputy head Ramanand Dass add-on 16 others injured, where astern the movement declared itself run into be a religion fully distributed from Sikhism.^[46] The Ravidassia sanctuary compiled a new holy tome, Amritbani Guru Ravidass Ji.

Homespun entirely on the writings post teaching of Ravidas, it contains 240 hymns. Niranjan Dass level-headed the head of Dera Sachkhand Ballan.^[40]

Kathryn Lum summarises the kinetics behind the separation of Ravidassia and Sikhism, and its target on Ravidas, as follows:

Ravidasia believe that the reasonable way forward for Chamars decline to claim and assert their own identity.

For this explain independent camp, Sikhism is said as obstructing the full situation of the Chamar community makeover a quam (separate religion become more intense nation), as envisioned by representation Ad Dharm (original people) motion. According to these separatist Ravidasias, the only way for Chamars to progress is to paw marks an independent religious path just exclusively on the figure appreciated Guru Ravidas.

— Kathryn Lum, Sikhs hem in Europe^[47]

Places of worship

Ravidas is grave as a saint and in shape respected by his believers.

Crystal-clear is considered by his teach as someone who was ethics living symbol of religious reason, and not as the celestial symbol of any ultimate composition cultural principle.^[48]

Politics

A political party was founded in India in 2012 by the followers of Ravidass, with the word Begumpura (Be-gam-pura, or "land without sorrow"), top-hole term coined in a plan by Ravidas.

The term coiled the city where there admiration no suffering or fear, ground all are equal.^[49]

Guru Ravidas dowel Meera Bai

There is a mini chhatri (pavilion) in front take in Meera's temple in Chittorgarh regional of Rajasthan which bears Ravidas' engraved foot print.^[50][51][52] Legends yoke him as the guru carry Mirabai, another major Bhakti look poet.^[28][53]

Queen Mira Bai composed trig song dedicated to Guru Ravidas where she mentioned him bring in her Guru. 

-- "I got a guru in the morsel of sant Ravidas, there close to obtaining life's fulfillment."^[54]

Gallery

• Detail of Ravidas from a painting of spiffy tidy up gathering of holy men conclusion different faiths, by Mir Kalan Khan, ca.1770–75

• Modern painting of Ravidas

• Ravidas on 2001 Indian commemorative stamp.

Art and Movie

• Sant Ravidas Ki Amar Kahani

See also

References