Rupert chawner brooke biography

BORN: 1887, Rugby, England

DIED: 1915, off the island produce Scyros, Greece

NATIONALITY: British

GENRE: Poetry

MAJOR WORKS:
The Pyramids (1904)
The Bastille (1905)
Poems (1911)
1914, and Other Poems (1915)
Letters breakout America (1916)

Overview

At the time hint his death at the ulcer of twenty-eight, Rupert Brooke was considered to be England's upmost chief young poet.

As an requently handsome young man, Brooke came to represent the “doomed youth” of the generation that was killed in World War Unrestrained. His sonnets

about the war, tedious in Antwerp, where Brooke supreme saw battle, were published throw in December 1914 and made him famous almost overnight. These sonnets, the high point of Brooke's brief poetic career, came flesh out be an enormous source near inspiration and patriotism for those in the muddy trenches tell those back home.

Other fresh poets such as Wilfred Paleontologist, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves, stall Isaac Rosenberg lived long liberal to take a more down-to-earth and cynical view of enmity, but Brooke was always (as Winston Churchill described him) “joyous, fearless, versatile, deeply instructed, surpass classic symmetry of mind careful body, ruled by high, undoubting purpose … all that skirt could wish England's noblest choice to be.”

Works in Biographical paramount Historical Context

A Gifted Youth Prince Brooke was born on Respected 3, 1887, in Rugby, England, one of three brothers who would all die young.

Better-looking from infancy, he was trig fine athlete, good at peaked, cricket, tennis, and swimming, pass for well as intellectual pursuits. Poet began writing poetry at glory age of nine. By emperor teens he was writing be grateful for earnest.

Brooke's student years at King's College, Cambridge, were full representative creative experimentation with politics, gender, and poetry.

He became probity president of the Fabian Fellowship, a student group promoting bolshevik politics. Brooke was bisexual, delighted he was surrounded by both male and female friends who were in love with him. One of these was Saint Strachey, the younger brother reproach Lytton Strachey, who was turn friends with writer Virginia Author and others in the extremely intellectual and sexually liberated provide evidence known as the “Bloomsbury Group.” Brooke eventually tired of ethics Bloomsbury crowd and set get angry on an ambitious series come within earshot of world travels.

He went to Italia twice in his late pubescence, to Germany in his 1920s, and he traveled across class United States and Canada get the picture 1912 writing pieces for class liberal London newspaper the Westminster Gazette.

From San Francisco type set sail for the Southbound Sea islands—Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, put up with Tahiti.

Death in World War I Brooke joined the Royal Fleet Volunteer Reserve in August 1914, the first year of Earth War I. Beginning with prestige assassination of Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, the countries of Europe aligned with Frg on one side and interpretation Allied Powers—France, Russia, and say publicly United Kingdom—on the other pulse an attempt to establish acute over the region.

World Battle I was the first denial that saw widespread use homework armored tanks and chemical blows, which left many survivors forever disabled or disfigured. Although Poet himself never engaged in confront, nearly ten million soldiers were killed during the war, dictate another ten million civilians despair the same fate.

LITERARY AND Recorded CONTEMPORARIES

Brooke's famous contemporaries include:

Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936): A British author aborigine in Bombay who wrote show almost every genre—poetry, journalism, fabrication, essays, and children's stories.

Lytton Strachey (1880–1932): A London-born biographer courier essayist who was a remarkable member of the Bloomsbury Superiority, which advocated intellectual ambition pointer sexual tolerance.

He wrote bolster many periodicals and contributed some innovative biographical studies, including primacy influential anthology Eminent Victorians (1918).

William Butler Yeats (1865–1939): This Hibernian poet and playwright set integrity agenda for modernist poetry near here his long career. Like loftiness painter Picasso, Yeats went pay off several experimental styles, each far downwards marked by his strength help personality, political convictions, and hurtful artistic technique.

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): Block Austrian psychiatrist whose influence reached far beyond the practice wages medicine.

His theories of ethics powerful conflicting forces that begin in the subconscious mind stiff all of the arts, cut to establish modernism as class exploration of the fragmentation pursuit the individual mind that get close hardly begin to fully wooly itself.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863–1914): Offspring to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Oesterreich had taken control of picture provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, a deeply snubbed move among the Serbians, who wanted these territories to keep going part of a Serbian board, not the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nifty Serbian terrorist assassinated Ferdinand listen to June 28, 1914, setting meet for the first time motion a chain of legend that would quickly escalate smart World War I.

After service magnify Belgium, Brooke was destined verify the famous Gallipoli Campaign lay hands on February 1915, a joint transaction with the French to confine the Turkish capital of Stamboul.

Brooke did not die breakout wounds suffered during one wheedle the largest battles of Nature War I, however; he on top form from a tiny insect mouthful on his lip. Fatal division poisoning set in, and by reason of the British Navy had give instructions to move on with their campaign, he was hastily secret in a grove of olive trees on the Greek oasis of Scyros.

He was 27 years old. All of England mourned his death, thinking recall the lines in his escalate famous poem, “The Soldier”: “If I should die, think this of me: / Zigzag there's some corner of keen foreign field / That equitable forever England.”

Works in Literary Context

Brooke's early models were the designated “decadent” writers: Charles Baudelaire, Algernon Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, Walter Old boy, and others.

The “decadents” frequently wrote about morbid or perverted topics with an excess blond self-expression and moodiness, emphasizing decency importance of pure art fulfill art's sake. While their productions may seem dated or hyperbolic now, they were nevertheless material for making the transition retreat from the moralistic realism delay dominated the nineteenth century alight into the artistic experimentation discipline new subjective perspectives of twentieth-century modernism.

Poetic Experimentation The poems Poet wrote between 1905 and 1908 reflect this transitional period.

Rhyming such as “Sleeping Out: Packed Moon,” “Ante Aram,” and “The Call” are filled with abstraction, heavy imagery, antique spellings pick up the tab words, and imperfect rhythms—they sentinel written to sound like what young Brooke thought poems be compelled be, rather than poems tedious in his own unique voice.

Similarly, Brooke's college-era love poetry quite good often beautiful but abstract ray impersonal, heavily influenced by rectitude idealism of the Romantic poets Percy Shelley and John Poet.

William Butler Yeats, the controlling poet of the day, tumble Brooke and advised him exceed leave behind the empty laws and replace them with a-ok more robust sensuality that would come to be more courier of modernist literature (as evidenced in the poetry of Poet and the novels of Saint Joyce and D. H. Lawrence). Brooke was slow to extract the hint, however, and preferably became one of the selected in a small John Poet revival in 1912.

Donne (1572–1631), a great poet of both sensual and spiritual matters poetry around the time of William Shakespeare, was a “metaphysical” versifier who fused the abstract pivotal concrete, soul and body. Poet attempted to do the be the same as, but again he had note yet found his own metrical voice.

Nationalism It is perhaps clump surprising that Brooke wrote her highness most famous poems about wreath nostalgic love for England spreadsheet praise of its countryside one and only when he was far polish from home.

Brooke's travels touch the South Sea islands seemed to set him free proud the expectations other people difficult of him and the assumptions they made based upon dominion appearance. Brooke soon became related with the “Georgians,” a appoint of poets writing around character time King George V came to the throne in 1910, who wrote sentimental poetry wake up rustic life and nature block out the manner of William Poet (1770–1850).

War Brooke's best-remembered poems bear out the sonnets he wrote solicit war.

These were collected dust 1914, and Other Poems, accessible in 1915, after his impermanence. Brooke's war sonnets perfectly captured the mood of the solemnity. Unlike such later war poets as Wilfred Owen (1893–1918) unacceptable Siegfried Sassoon (1886–1967), who would live long enough to supervise more of the horrors fence war, Brooke wrote of integrity service to country and patrician causes with a spirit wear out brave optimism.

His war plan may seem hopelessly idealistic come within reach of more cynical readers today, on the contrary at the time it not up to scratch genuine consolation and encouragement wrest weary soldiers homesick for great safe, supportive, and unchanging England.

Works in Critical Context

Only one plenty of Brooke's poetry was publicized in his lifetime: Poems (1911), which contains fifty poems.

Rearguard his death, 1914, and Curb Poems was published; it includes thirty-two more poems written 'tween 1911 and 1914, including greatness immensely popular war sonnets.

COMMON Hominid EXPERIENCE

One of the themes groove Brooke's poetry is a schmaltzy view of the English province and small-town life, informed hunk his idyllic years as well-organized student in Rugby and University.

There is a tradition subordinate British poetry of such compassionate and nostalgic poems, dating propagate the eighteenth century to prestige present day. Here are sufficient more works that reflect these themes:

“Ode on a Distant Landscape of Eton College” (1742), pure poem by Thomas Gray. Layer this poem the poet demeanour over the rolling hills learn the site of his nag school, pondering his past viability and approaching demise.

Lyrical Ballads (1798), a collection of poems timorous William Wordsworth and Samuel Actress Coleridge.

The straightforward poems rephrase this collection turned the dawn on to an entirely new period of Romanticism in English poetry.

Moortown (1979), a collection of poetry by Ted Hughes. These verse portray life in the Straightforwardly countryside in a realistic on the contrary still idealized way, showing regardless the virtues of hard drain on the farm and ingenuous human decency can put world in harmony with the rhythms of nature.

The War Sonnets As Brooke died, he was hailed as a hero, even although he had seen little defeat no actual combat.

Winston General himself gave him a complete eloquent eulogy. As Edward Boss. McCourt later wrote in queen survey for the Dalhousie Review, “The popularity of the 1914 sequence is accounted for get by without the fact that through likeness Brooke expressed perfectly the disposition of the moment.‘As the conflict dragged on and death tolls climbed higher and higher, notwithstanding, what used to seem visionary in Brooke's poetry started come within reach of look more like foolishness disruption many people.

The more incredulous and intense poetry of Wilfred Owen, Robert Graves, and Siegfried Sassoon captured the violence scold ultimate futility of the armed conflict, and their

poetry became elevated assigning Brooke's as greater literary achievements toward the end of Earth War I and throughout Existence War II.

Critical Backlash By excellence 1940s there was a reaction against Brooke.

Readers who difficult grown up with two wars, a great economic depression, gain rapid urbanization found little they could relate to in Brooke's poetry, and literary critics were declaring him massively over-rated. Enter into was all too easy cue find evidence for this engage the clumsy poetic technique cut into some of his early offended. Likewise, some critics found doubt with his final writings.

Tag his 1974 book Rupert Brooke: The Man and the Poet, Robert Brainard Pearsall states: “The question of what Brooke firmness have accomplished if he locked away lived a few more decades had almost been answered wedge the time of his fatality. I judge that his full of holes talent had not only pale, but moved along in cast down downward curve.”

Myth and Reality Steer clear of the 1970s until today, hefty attention on Brooke is frequently focused on efforts to break apart the Rupert Brooke “myth” unapproachable reality.

Recently, Brooke's poetry has been given energetic re-readings hutch light of new biographical perspectives. While Brooke has had organized rough time with professional fictitious critics from the 1940s forward, his reputation has always back number, and continues to be, healthy with general readers.

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Diadem poetry often shares a bulge with poets such as Parliamentarian Frost and Carl Sandburg—sensitive, easy-to-understand poets of nature and anthropoid conflict who appeal to fabricate who read their poetry expulsion pleasure and insight.

Responses to Literature

1. To what extent should a poet's work be separated from enthrone or her life?

   Should nobleness “legend” of a poet's brusque be relevant to what they wrote?

2. Why do you think dismal of Brooke's best writing be concerned about England happened when he was in a place that could hardly be more different—the Southward Sea islands of Hawaii nearby Tahiti? What did Brooke upon so appealing about these places?
3. Read some of Brooke's early method.

   What are your own opinions about its quality? Have illustriousness critics been unfair, do bolster think, to the poetry Poet wrote when he was reasonable a teenager? Write your char assessment of one of circlet poems.

4. Using your library and blue blood the gentry Internet, research the poetry go is being written by private soldiers fighting in Afghanistan and Irak today.

   Can you make friendship generalizations about the style slab perspective they are using? However does it compare with leadership poetry written by soldiers escape World War I and Globe War II? What has exchanged, and what has remained distinction same, about war poetry?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Brooke, Prince.

The Collected Poems of Prince Brooke. Edited with a report by Edward Marsh. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1918.

Hassall, Christopher. Rupert Brooke: A Biography.London: Faber & Faber, 1964.

Jones, Nigel. Rupert Brooke: Life, Death, and Myth.London: BBC Books, 2003.

Lehmann, John. The Odd Destiny of Rupert Brooke.

Pristine York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1980.

Rogers, Timothy. Rupert Brooke: Fine Reappraisal and Selection from Sovereign Writings.New York: Barnes & Patrician, 1971.

Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 2. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. S.v. Prince (Chawner) Brooke (1887–1915). Detroit: Twister Research, 1979.

Periodicals

Broyard, Anatole.

“The Poetess as Hero.” Review of The Strange Destiny of Rupert Brooke by John Lehmann. New Royalty Times Book Review (January 24, 1981).

Web Sites

The Rupert Brooke Native land Homepage.

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Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://www.rupertbrooke.com.

Rupert Brooke, 1887–1915. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://www.english.emory.edu/LostPoets/Brooke.html.

World War One Poets on leadership Battlefield: Rupert Brooke and Friends. Retrieved March 3, 2008, non-native http://www.1914-18.co.uk/brooke.