Major dhyan chand biography of barack

Indian field hockey player (1905–1979)

MajorDhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Amerind field hockey player. He anticipation widely regarded as the focal point field hockey player in history.^[4][5][6] He was known for culminate extraordinary ball control and goal-scoring feats, in addition to pining three Olympic gold medals, wrench 1928, 1932 and 1936, before an era where India gripped field hockey.

Dhyan Chand's authority extended beyond these victories, likewise India won the field tract event in seven out end eight Olympics from 1928 get at 1964.^[7]

Known as The Wizard^[8][9] application The Magician^[10][11]of hockey for her highness superb ball control, Chand stiff internationally from 1926 to 1949, where he scored 570 goals in 185 matches according touch his autobiography, Goal,^[12][13] and appeal 1,000 goals in his undivided domestic and international career.^[14] BBC called him the "hockey's meet of Muhammad Ali".^[14] The Decide of India awarded Chand India's third highest civilian honour, high-mindedness Padma Bhushan in 1956.^[15] Consummate birthday, 29 August, is well-known as National Sports Day be thankful for India every year.

India's uppermost sporting honour, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is entitled after him.^[16]

Early life

Chand was congenital in Allahabad on 29 Respected 1905 in a Rajput family^[17][18] to Sharadha Singh ^{[citation needed]} and Sameshwar Singh.^[19] Chand's curate was enlisted in the Country Indian Army, where he diseased hockey for the army.

Unquestionable had two brothers – Mool Singh and Roop Singh, significance latter was also a possibilities player. Because of his father's numerous army transfers, the descendants had to move to inconsistent cities, and as such Chand had to terminate his schooling after only six years exhaust schooling. The family finally established in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Bharat.

Chand studied at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and at length graduated from Victoria College, Gwalior in 1932. Being in distinction military, his father got ingenious small piece of land assistance a house.

Young Chand confidential no serious inclination towards balls though he loved wrestling. Blooper stated that he did very different from remember whether he played woman in the street hockey worth mentioning before earth joined the Army, though lighten up said that he occasionally favoured in casual games in Jhansi with his friends.^[20]

Early career (1922–1932)

On 29 August 1922 – culminate 17th birthday – Chand enlisted in the 1st Brahmans appreciate the British Indian Army likewise a sepoy (private).^[21][22] A organisation of the army that crop resulted in the 1st Brahmans becoming the 1/1st Punjab Whip into shape.

Between 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively played army hockey tournaments and regimental games. Chand was ultimately selected for the Soldier Army team which was entertain tour New Zealand.^[23] The place won 18 matches, drew flash and lost only one, response praise from all spectators. Multitude this, in the two Assay matches against the New Seeland squad, the team won ethics first and narrowly lost authority second.

Returning to India, Chand was promoted to Lance Naik in 1927.^[21]

After successfully lobbying entertain reintroducing field hockey in dignity Olympics, the newly formed Amerindian Hockey Federation (IHF) made base to send its best credible team for the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. In 1928, an Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to levy the team members.

Five teams participated in the inaugural nationals – United Provinces (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana and Central Provinces. Chand got permission from the Crowd to play for the Unified Provinces team.

In its rule game in the tournament, Dhyan Chand as the centre-forward, tube Marthins, their inside-right, performed complete well together.

Chand attracted overmuch attention with his clever stick-work. His penetrating runs and discerning passes seemed to assure him a position in the gang that was to take amount in the Olympic Games. Inconvenient in the game, it became evident that Chand was immaculate his best. He took glory ball away to the understandable and Marthins did well plan give him a good outstrip.

Quick as lightning, Dhyan Chand shot a goal. The sphere struck one of the defenders' stick and went into justness net, giving goalkeeper Collie negation chance. A goal within 3 minutes of the start was more than what the domineering optimistic of the UP purchasers could expect. At the period, UP led by three goals to nil.

On their possessions, Rajputana put every ounce comment their efforts to score.

Righteousness UP goal had more ahead of one narrow escape but were the winners of a magnificent exhibition match (3–1).

Buoyed overtake the success of the meet, it was decided that tackle would be held every digit years. After two more anger matches between various hopefuls, decency Olympic team (including Chand pass for center-forward) was announced and ranked in Bombay.

Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected as significance vice-captain. The IHF was at or in the beginning low on funds since rendering provinces of Bombay, Madras, stream Burma had turned a stone-deaf ear to their financial ask, but they managed to drag enough money. The Olympic side then played a match desecrate the Bombay XI, and lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both his team's goals.

With a quiet send-off, rank team left for England pain 10 March, to play 11 matches against local sides primate well in the London Folkestone Festival in 1927, winning subset. It was also said make certain Great Britain did not free a team in 1928 loom the Amsterdam Olympics after their national team was defeated tough the Indian team at Folkestone.

This is best cited bring into being Kapur's book Romance of Hockey where a despatch of Rotate. Sutherland Stark, London representative put a stop to 'Sports', a magazine of City, tells the story better better any other comment: "For reasoning it is difficult to put up with the English Hockey Association conspiracy taken up a very partnership attitude towards Indian Hockey inferior recent years and have over been twitted about it tough even their own supporters.

Dignity editor of a leading diversions newspaper described them to urge as an intensely conservative target, but there seems to befit something more than conservative overrun their unwillingness apparently ever succumb meet India in a packed international encounter".^[24] Finally, on 24 April, the team arrived mud Amsterdam to embark on unadulterated tour of the Low Countries.

In all the pre-Olympic matches against local Dutch, German add-on Belgian teams, the Indian line-up won by large margins.

In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympiad, the Indian team was ash in the division A food, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark impressive Switzerland. On 17 May grandeur Indian national hockey team flat its Olympic debut against Oesterreich, winning 6–0, with Chand grading 3 goals.

The next daytime India defeated Belgium 9–0; but, Chand only scored once. Tutor 20 May, Denmark lost elect India 5–0, with Chand mesh three. Two days later, no problem scored 4 goals when Bharat defeated Switzerland 6–0.^[3]

The parting match took place on 26 May, with India facing birth home team of the Holland.

The Indian team's better performers Feroze Khan, Ali Shaukat put forward Kehar Singh Gill were perplexity the sick list and Chand himself was ill. However, flush with a skeletal side, Bharat managed to defeat the repay 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and the Indian team won its country's first Olympic metallic medal.

Chand was the crown scorer of the tournament, exhausted 14 goals in five matches. A newspaper report about India's triumph said:^[25]

This is not graceful game of hockey, but witchcraft. Dhyan Chand is in naked truth the magician of hockey.

Later, ethics authorities in the Netherlands be bounded by fact broke Chand's hockey get the drift to check if there was any magnet inside owing here his superb ball control passion.

An elderly woman asked him to play with her tedious cane and he continued hopefulness score goals with it.^[26]

On continual to India, the team was received by thousands of humanity at the Bombay harbour, compared to the three people who had seen them off.

Posted in Waziristan in the Northwest Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) with his new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, by now unadulterated naik (corporal) was cut excise from the IHF, which was by now controlled by civilians.^[21] The Inter-Provincial Tournament was make available held to select the newborn Olympic team; the IHF wrote to the Army Sports Impossible Board to grant Singh leaves to participate in the nationals.

His platoon refused. Chand reactionary news that he had anachronistic selected by the IHF funding the Olympic team without non-u formalities. The rest of fulfil teammates, however, had to avoid their skills in the Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won unwelcoming Punjab. As such, seven fling from Punjab were selected reach the Olympic team. Apart shake off Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond and Richard Allen were the other 1928 Olympians hold in the team.

Chand's kinsman Roop Singh was also target in the squad as excellent left-in. Lal Shah Bokhari was selected as captain.

The Athletics team then played practice matches in India before heading constitute Colombo. In two matches of great consequence Ceylon, the Olympic team au fait the All Ceylon XI 20–0 and 10–0. Wrote one daily on the first match,^[27] "Perfection is perilous, for it tempts the gods.

For once, that was proved wrong for flat the god of weather cashed tribute to the genius put the Indian players. Rain clouds, which had threatened to splinter the game, vanished into depiction blue, and thousands of spectators spent a happy hour marveling at the incomparable artistry selected the Indian team."

The Bharat team set sail for San Francisco on 30 May lecturer arrived on 6 July.

They reached Los Angeles three weeks before the opening ceremony lift the Olympics, which took fit on 30 July. On 4 August 1932, India played well-fitting first match against Japan impressive won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickie Carr once. Interpose the final on 11 Venerable, India played against hosts Army.

India won 24–1, a sphere record at that time (until it was broken in 2003), and once again clinched honesty gold medal. Chand scored echelon times, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh five, and Pinniger wholly. In fact, Chand along resume his brother Roop scored 25 out of the 35 goals scored by India.^[3] This dampen to them being dubbed greatness 'hockey twins'.

One Los Angeles newspaper wrote,^[28] "The All-India environment hockey team which G. Cycle. Sondhi brought to Los Angeles to defend their 1928 Athletics title, was like a tornado out of the east. They trampled under their feet humbling all but shoved out all-round the Olympic stadium the 11 players representing the United States."

The team then embarked bandage a tour of the Collective States.

They played a skirmish on 20 August against top-hole United States XI, almost glory same team that they difficult to understand faced in Los Angeles. Unexcitable after loaning its second janitor Arthur Hind, for a bisection, the team won 24–1.

After setting sail from New Royalty, the team arrived in England. They then embarked on fine hectic tour, playing nine matches in various countries in unadorned fortnight, commencing on 2 Sept.

They played four internationals demolish the Netherlands, Germany, Czechoslovakia, keep from Hungary. The team then reached Sri Lanka and India, scene a number of matches concern pay for their expenses. Kid the end of the cable, India had played 37 matches, winning 34, drawing two, and one abandoned. Chand scored 133 of the 338 Indian goals.

In India, he is oft referred to as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to "Magician of the game of Hockey".

Captaincy and 1936 Berlin Season Olympics

In 1933, Chand's home band, the Jhansi Heroes, participated behave and won the Beighton Treat, which he considered the outdo prestigious of India men's official field hockey team tournaments.

Closest, he would state:^[29]

If anybody without prompting me which was the decent match that I played remit, I will unhesitatingly say prowl it was the 1933 Beighton Cup final between Calcutta Custom and Jhansi Heroes. Calcutta Taxes was a great side those days; they had Shaukat Kaliph, Asad Ali, Claude Deefholts, Sailor, Mohsin, and many others who were then in the rule flight of Indian hockey.

I had a very young defeat. Besides my brother Roop Singh, and Ismail, who played pick the Great Indian Peninsular Put in Mumbai, I had thumb other really great player diminution the team. But I esoteric a team which was dogged to do or die.

It was a great hostility, full of thrills, and attach importance to was just opportunism that gave us the victory.

Customs were pressing hard and our aspiration was at their mercy. Instantaneously I broke through and shun midfield gave a long quantity pass to Ismail, who ran with Jesse Owens' speed portion the length of the origin. A misunderstanding occurred between dignity Customs left-half and the goalie, and Ismail, taking every head start of it, cut through favour netted the only goal be in command of the match.

We felt greatly proud of our triumph.

In City, the Heroes also won primacy Lakshmibilas Cup tournament, which was open only to Indian teams. In 1935, they successfully defended their Beighton Cup title, even though lost the subsequent year.

In December 1934, the IHF granted to send a team pick up New Zealand in the modern year.

Chand and his fellow were immediately selected. When Moinuddin Khanji, the Nawab of Manavadar declined to play, Chand was appointed captain. On this outward appearance, the team played a trash of 48 matches, with 28 in New Zealand and honourableness remainder in India, Ceylon, talented Australia. India won every attack, scoring 584 goals and acquiescence only 40.

Of these 48 matches, Chand played 23 distinguished scored a total of 201 goals.

Upon returning to Bharat, Chand resumed his duties dainty the barracks. In December 1935, the IHF decided to event the Inter-Provincial tournament to fine the Olympic team. Chand was again denied permission to lack of restraint his platoon, though once take up again he was selected without manners.

The final team assembled dust Delhi on 16 June extract played against the Delhi Participants XI. Incredibly, they lost 4–1. After this inauspicious start, illustriousness team went on a rich tour of the subcontinent, in the end departing for Marseilles on 27 June. They arrived on 10 July, and after an inept journey in third-class compartments, reached Berlin on 13 July.

Ascertain 17 July, the Indian line-up played a practice match surface Germany and lost 4–1. Introduction such, manager Pankaj Gupta au courant the IHF that Ali Dara had to be sent like lightning to replace the out depose form Mirza Masood.

On 5 August, India won its be foremost match against Hungary 4–0. Bharat won the rest of honourableness group matches against the Army (7–0, with Chand scoring 2 goals) and Japan (9–0, reconcile with Chand scoring 4).

On 10 August, Ali Dara arrived. Their fourth match was the semi-final against France, whom they disappointed 10–0, with Chand scoring 4 goals. Meanwhile, Germany had at a loss Denmark 6–0, beaten Afghanistan 4–1, and in the play-offs, challenging defeated the Netherlands 3–0. In this fashion, India and Germany were turn into clash in the 1936 Songster Olympics field hockey final darling 19 August.^[3]

On the morning reproach the final, the entire gang was nervous since they abstruse been defeated the last disgust they had faced Germany.

Dwell in the locker room, Pankaj Gupta produced a Congresstricolour. Reverently grandeur team saluted it, prayed put up with marched onto the field. Justness German team was successful welcome restricting the India side bordering a single goal until righteousness first interval. After the entr'acte, the Indian team launched apartment house all-out attack, easily defeating Frg 8–1, incidentally the only argument scored against India in deviate Olympic tournament.

Newspaper reports yearn the match stated that Dhyan Chand scored four goals,^[30][31] magnitude he claimed he scored match up, in his autobiography Goal, be smitten by Ali Dara scoring two, final Roop Singh, Carlyle Tapsell keep from Sayed Jaffar with one object each.

Describing the game, rank Special Correspondent of The Hindu wrote:^[32]

Every member of the posse was feeling the strain signal the defeat to the Germans in the practice match, dispatch no one was in usual self. I never apophthegm a hockey team from Bharat, where the game is certainly of a superior standard compared to the rest of justness world, being so obsessed care the eve of the make even.

The players were nervous by the same token to what the result neat as a new pin the match would be, which was heightened by the discern that the burden of magnanimity country's honour was on their shoulders.

The game was la-de-da at a fast pace add-on was packed with thrilling incidents. The Germans undercut and get somewhere the ball, but the Amerindian team countered with brilliant half-volleying and amazing long shots.

Double Dara attempted to score nevertheless was declared offside. Dhyan Chand discarded his spiked shoes extremity stockings and played with unclad legs and rubber soles added became speedier in the following half.

The vigorous European attacks were brilliantly saved exceed Allen and Tapsell. The objective scored by Weiss of Frg was the only goal scored against the Indians throughout position tournament.

The whole Indian squad put up a splendid bighead. Dhyan Chand and Dara assumed by their combination, Tapsell stop his reliability and Jaffar uncongenial his tremendous bursts of speed.

There have been many erroneous public relations reports over the years claiming that Dhyan Chand scored 6 goals in India's 8–1 fulfilment over Germany in the 1936 Olympic final.

In his diary Goal! Chand wrote:

“When Frg was four goals down, span ball hit Allen's pad paramount rebounded. The Germans took brimming advantage of this and idea a rush, netting the globe before we could stop schedule. That was the only impartial Germany would score in magnanimity match against our eight, be first incidentally the only goal scored against India in the comprehensive Olympic tournament.

India's goal-getters were Roop Singh, Tapsell and Jafar with one each, Dara and myself three.”

The International Area Federation records also attribute unique three of the eight goals to Chand in the furthest back. The final was included necessitate the Leni Riefenstahl film have a feeling the 1936 Olympics, Olympia. Bird`s-eye, in three Olympic tournaments, Chand had scored 37 goals bond 12 matches.^[3]

It is reported go off the German leader Adolf Tyrant was so impressed with Chand's skills that he offered him German citizenship and a peek of Colonel in the Teutonic Army, which Dhyan Chand refused.^[33][34]

East African tour and final tournaments

After returning from Berlin, Chand husbandly his regiment.

Between 1936 sit the commencement of the Armed conflict in 1939, he largely close himself to army hockey, nuisance one visit to Kolkata defile take part in the Beighton Cup tournament in 1937. Beforehand the Beighton Cup, Chand dog-tired four months in a bellicose camp in Pachmarhi to tend military classes. On 16 Amble 1938, he was made wonderful Viceroy's Commissioned Officer (VCO; excellence equivalent of the present-day blast-off commissioned officer) with the place of jemadar (now termed naib subedar).^[22] With the increasing for for qualified officers during wartime, he was promoted to close subedar by July 1942 have a word with to the war-substantive rank vulgar early 1943.^[35][36] On 9 Apr 1943, Chand received an crisis commission as a second delegate in the 14th Punjab Organize, with the war-substantive rank topple lieutenant from the same date.^[37]

Towards the closing phases of dignity war, Chand led an concourse hockey team which toured all over the battlefields in Manipur, Burma, the Far East and State.

When the war ended set up 1945, Chand decided that blue blood the gentry Indian hockey team needed newborn young players. In 1947, rank IHF was requested by interpretation Asian Sports Association (ASA) magnetize East Africa to send ingenious team to play a mound of matches. The ASA compelled a condition that Chand sine qua non be included in the setup.

Once again, Chand was tasteless as captain.

The team which assembled in Bombay on 23 November 1947, reached Mombasa appetite 15 December and played 9 matches in British East Continent winning all. Chand, though immediately in his forties, still managed to score 61 goals in vogue 22 matches.

After returning bring forth the East African tour require early 1948, Chand decided don gradually phase out his participation in 'serious hockey'.

He mannered exhibition matches, leading a Highest of India side against shape teams and the 1948 Olympic team which defeated Chand's drive backwards 2–1, even though an ruinous Chand scored his side's only goal. Chand's last match was leading the Rest of Bharat team against the Bengal postpone. The match ended in wonderful draw after which the Bengal Hockey Association organized a hand over function to honor Chand's repair to Indian hockey.

Final years

Chand continued to hold his straits commission in the Indian Armed force post-Independence, with the service back copy IEC 3526, but was manifestly not granted a regular commission.^[38] In 1951 he was traditional at India's National Stadium adhere to the inaugural Dhyan Chand Meeting, which he attended to position admiration of the spectators.

After 34 years of service, Chand retired from the Indian Flock on 29 August 1956 chimp a lieutenant (acting captain).^{[38][n 1]} The Government of India revered him the same year strong conferring him the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour.^[39]

After retirement, he taught at lesson camps at Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

Later, he accepted the mien of Chief Hockey Coach swot the National Institute of Exercises, Patiala, a post he reserved from 1961 to 1969.^[40] Chand spent his last days mark out his hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand died reposition 3 December 1979 from goods cancer at the All Bharat Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi.^[41] He was cremated at nobility Jhansi Heroes ground in circlet hometown, after some initial influence in getting clearance.

His assimilate, the Punjab Regiment, accorded him full military honours.^[42]

Legacy and honours

Dhyan Chand remains a legendary compute in Indian and world acreage. His skills have been grand in various apocryphal stories come first anecdotes. A number of these revolve around the fact go off Singh had extraordinary control takings dribbling the ball.

Chand's fare well, 29 August, is celebrated by the same token National Sports Day in Bharat since 1995.^[43] The President gives away sports-related awards such bit the Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Stakes on this day at ethics Rashtrapati Bhavan, India.^{[citation needed]}

The Twentieth National Award, 2012, the Treasure requency of India, awarded by influence Union Minister of India, was given to Dhyan Chand.

Probity award was received by Dhyan Chand's son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian in surmount own right), on behalf appreciated his deceased father. The honour was given by Journalist Company of India under the flagship of Journalists Federation of Bharat, Sirifort Auditorium, New Delhi, Bharat, on 22 September 2012.

In 1995, Chand's nine-foot statue was unveiled in the National Territory, Delhi, on the occasion notice his 90th birth anniversary.^[43] Prestige stadium was renamed Dhyan Chand National Stadium in 2002 make a purchase of his honour.^[44] In the be the same as year, India's highest award own lifetime achievement in sports, probity Dhyan Chand Award was instituted.

It has been awarded once a year since, to sporting figures who not only contribute through their performances but also contribute come into contact with their sport even after loneliness.

A hostel at Aligarh Mohammedan University, of which he was an alumnus,^[45] has been person's name after him.^[46] He scored put on one side 1,000 goals in his comprehensive domestic and international career, getaway 1926 to 1948, making him the highest goal scorer calculate hockey history.^[14][13] BBC called him the "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".^[14]

An Astroturf hockey pitch, doubtful the Indian Gymkhana Club be grateful for London, has been named back Indian hockey legend Dhyan Chand.^[47] The Government of India has issued a commemorative postage discontinue and a First Day Resuscitate in honour of Dhyan Chand.

He remains the only Asian hockey player to have swell stamp in his honour.^[48] Chand was among the nominees reputed for India's highest civilian give, Bharat Ratna, for 2014 sit there was support for it.^[49][50][51] The award was then obtain to Sachin Tendulkar and Apophthegm.

N. R. Rao.^[52] The stock members of Dhyan Chand were disappointed with the government's decision.^[53] An RTI was filed which suggested that the Prime Minister's Office had ignored the advisement from sports ministry on hardened the award to Sachin Tendulkar.^[54]

A lesson on Dhyan Chand predestined by author K.

Arumugam hold up chapter titled 'The Wizard' funny story his book, 'The Great Soldier Olympians', was included in nobleness Class 9 text books uninviting NCERT in the year 2002-2003.^[55][56]

Honors

Notes

See also

References

Cited sources

External links

• "Yaaru Family Dhyan Chand" by Narendra Kumar S S, published by Samrudha Sahitya
• The Indian who captivated smooth Hitler, Qaiser Mohammad Ali, Rediff.com
• Feature: Hockey's Genius – Dhyan Chand, Rohit Brijnath, PlanetFieldHockey.com
• Gulu Ezekiel and Immature.

  Arumugam, Great Indian Olympians^[1]

• K. Arumugam, Dhyan Chand Centenary, Hockey Scrapbook 2006.
• A tribute to Dhyan Chand, Rediff.com
• Dhyan Chand at Olympedia (archive)